THE

VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER

ZOOLOGY Part LIX
 
VOLUME XX 1887

Part LIX. REPORT on the MONAXONIDA

collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76.

By

Stuart O. Ridley, M.A., F.L.S.

 late Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British Museum,

and

Arthur Dendy, B. Sc. F.L.S.

 Associate of the Owens College, and Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British Museum.



reproduced from original documents in the library holdings of
Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
Copyright © 2003 by Dr. David C. Bossard

fig-001

EDITORIAL NOTE TO THE ORIGINAL REPORT
The Collection of MONAXONIDA was in the first instance intrusted to Mr. Stuart O. Ridley, F.L.S. of the British Museum, for examination and description.

Mr. Ridley had made very considerable progress in the work when he was compelled, owing to ill health, to inform me that he could not complete the Report within the specified time. In these circumstances I suggested that Mr. Arthur Dendy, B.Sc., F.L.S., should be associated with him in the work, to which proposal Mr. Ridley at once assented. The result has been the present highly satisfactory Mrmoir on this group of sponges, consisting of about 350 pages, illustrated by 51 lithographic plates, woodcuts, and a map.

The Manuscript was received in Instalments between 19th November 1886 and 13th May 1887.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PREFACE, i   i  ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS, iii  iii  iv 

 INTRODUCTION, v-lxviii; Plates XLVIII-LI
CHAPTER I.-The History of the Monaxonida as a group, v  v  vi  vii  viii  ix  x  xi

CHAPTER II.-Anatomy and Histology, and Embryological Notes, xii;   xii  xiii  xiv  xv  xvi  xvii  xviii  xix  xx  xxi  xxii  xxiii  xxiv  xxv  xxvi  xxvii  xxviii  xxix  xxx  xxxi  xxxii  xxxiii  xxxiv  xxxv  xxxvi  xxxvii  xxxviii  xxxix  xl  xli  xlii  xliii  xliv  xlv  xlvi  xlvii  xlviii  xlvix  l  li  lii

CHAPTER III.-The Classification of the Monaxonida,  liii  liii  liv  lv  lvi  lvii  lviii  lix  lx  lxi  lxii  lxiii  lxiv  lxv  lxvi  lxvii  lxviii
ERRATA

 DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES, 1-240

 Suborder I. HALICHONDRINA, 1
    Family 1. Homorrhaphidæ, 1-30; Plates I-VI.
        Subfamily 1. Renierinæ, 1
            Halichondria, Fleming, 1  001  002  003  004  005  006  007  008
            Petrosia, Vosmaer, 9  009  010  011  012  013
            Reniera, Nardo, 14  014  015  016  017
        Subfamily 2. Chalininæ, 18  018
            Pachychalina, Schmidt, 19  019  020  021  022  023  024
            Chalina, Grant, 25  025  026  027  028
            Siphonochalina, Schmidt, 29  029  030
    Family II. Heterorrhaphidæ, 31-61; Plates VII-XIII.
        Subfamily 1. Phlœodictyinæ, 31  031
            Rhizochalina Schmidt, 32  032  033  034  035
            Oceanapia, Norman, 36  036
        Subfamily 2. Gelliinæ, 37
            Gellius, Gray, 37  037  038  039  040  041  042  043  044  045  046
            Gelliodes, Ridley, 47  047  048
            Toxochalina, Ridley, 49  049
        Subfamily 3. Tedaniinæ, 50
            Tedania, Gray, 50  050  051  052  053  054  055  056
            Trachytedania, Ridley, 57  057
        Subfamily 4. Desmacellinæ, 58
            Desmacella, Schmidt, 58  058
        Subfamily 5. Hamacanthinæ, 59
            Vomerula, Schmidt, 59  059  060  061
    Family III. Desmacidonidæ, 62
        Subfamily 1, Esperellinæ, 62-127; Plates XIII-XXV
            Esperella, Vosmaer; 62  062  063  064  065  066  067  068  069  070  071  072  073  074  075
            Esperiopsis, Carter, 76  076  077  078  079  080  081  082  083  084  085
            Cladorhiza, M. Sars, 86  086  087  088  089  090  091  092  093  094  095
            Axoniderma, Ridley and Dendy, 96  096  097  098
            Chondrocladia, Wyville Thomson, 99  099  100  101
            Meliiderma, n. gen., 102  102
            Desmacidon, Bowerbank, 103  103  104  105  106  107  108  109  110  111
            Artemisina, Vosmaer, 112  112
            Phelloderma, Ridley and Dendy, 113  113
            Sideroderma, Ridley and Dendy, 114  114  115
            Iophon, Gray, 116  116  117  118  119  120  121  122
            Amphilectus, Vosmaer, 123  123  124  125  126  127
        Subfamily 2. Ectyoninæ, 128-165; Plates XXV-XXXI
            Myxilla, Schmidt, 128  128  129  130  131  132  133  134  135  136  137  138  139  140  141  142  143  144  145
            Clathria, Schmidt, 146  146  147  148  149  150
            Rhaphidophlus, Ehlers, 151  151  152  153  154
            Plumohalichondria, Carter, 155  155  156
            Plocamia, Schmidt, 157  157  158
            Acarnus, Gray, 159  159
            Echinoclathria, Carter, 159  159  160  161  162
            Agelas, Duchassaing and Michelotti, 163  163
            Echinodictyum, Ridley, 164  164  165
    Family IV. Axinellidæ, 166-195; Plates XXXII-XL
            Hymeniacidon, Bowerbank, 166  166  167  168
            Phakellia, Bowerbank, 169  169  170  171  172
            Ciocalypta, Bowerbank, 173  173  174  175
            Acanthella, Schmidt, 176  176  177
            Axinella, Schmidt, 178  178  179  180  181  182  183  184  185  186  187
            Raspailia, Nardo, 188  188  189  190
            Dendropsis, Ridley and Dendy, 191  191  192
            Thrinacophora, Ridley, 193  193  194  195

Suborder II. CLAVULINA, 196  196
    Family I. Suberitidæ, 197-228; Plates XLI-XLIII
            Suberites, Nardo, 197  197  198  199  200  201  202  203  204  205  206  207  208  209
            Polymastia, Bowerbank, 210  210  211  212  213
            Proteleia, Dendy and Ridley, 214  214  215
            Trichostemma, M. Sars, 216  216  217  218  219  220
            Tentorium, Vosmaer, 221  221
            Stylocordyla, Wyville Thomson, 222  222  223  224
            Quasillina, Norman, 225  225  226
            Cliona, Grant, 227  227  228
    Family II. Spirastrellidæ, 229-240; Plates XLIV-XLV
            Spirastrella, Schmidt,  229  229  230  231  232
            Latrunculia, Bocage, 233  233  234  235  236  237  238  239  240

 GEOGRAPHICAL AND BATIIYMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION, 241-263  241  242  243  244  245  246  247  248  249  250  251  252  253  254  255  256  257  258  259  260  261  262  263

APPENDIX - Synonymy of the Spicular Terminology, 264  264

 INDEX, 265  265  266  267  268  269  270  271  272  273  274  275

INDEX TO THE PLATES


Map of Sampling Locations
Note: Map is 24" x 11" at 100 ppi.

Map


Above map at 200 ppi:
Full Map (24"x11")
Left portion (8"x11")
Center portion (8"x11")
Right portion (8"x11")

Regional Maps at 200 ppi: